A PORTFOLIO IN ENGLISH 18: Preparation and Evaluation of Instructional Materials
A PORTFOLIO IN ENGLISH 18
Preparation and Evaluation of Instructional Materials
Presented to the College of Education and Liberal Arts
Davao Central College
In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Eng. 18 Subject
Submitted by:
Ferrie Rose Anajao
Melfe Baluran
April Datahan
Lydia Ilaco
Noel Ramos
April 2013
SUMMARY AND REFLECTION
A. Selecting Instructional Materials
Summary
Instructional materials enhance the
effectiveness of a teaching strategy which is not surprising to see these materials,
devices and instruments accumulated in every teacher’s storehouse. Alas, to
have an impact on the attention, interest and participation of students, one
should know the appropriate media of instruction to be used so that there would
be no drab lesson.
Guidelines in selecting instructional
materials are provided and listed in this topic where questions are cited and
elaborated. Teachers are the most responsible individuals to know these
guidelines in selecting instructional materials for they are the ones who are
capable and knowledgeable to show, to perform and to teach the learning
objectives; meeting the needs, age, capacity, skills and schema of the
students.
Used by most teachers are the duplicated
materials such as films, slides, computers and videotapes are materials
produced and copied to printed materials for the students to avail, whilst the
printed materials for instance textbooks, workbooks, pamphlets, magazines and
newspapers are materials which are published commercially and undergone proof
reading.
What lies on the contrary is the worth and
limitation of copied materials, under the copyright law enacted in 1976.
Brevity, spontaneity, cumulative and prohibition are the requirements needed to
meet in the selection of copied materials.
Reflection
Soon, I will be dealing in selecting of
instructional materials on my very first students that is why I am doing paramount
reading and research about how to become an effective teacher someday. I have
this enormous feeling that in a blink of an eye, I will see myself the way God
wants me to be. In my point of view, the very purpose of selecting
instructional materials is to develop innovative ways in teaching that presents
the needs, problems, objectives, methods and programs that fosters integrated
learning.
Perhaps
it’s much easier to say, “CREATIVITY STARTS WITH A DREAM”. Every reporting, I
would make use of materials or media that are unique and appropriate for the
lesson proper in order for my colleagues to fathom. In the same way, I am building
a step towards my dream-- becoming an effective teacher.
Selection of instructional materials is
like following the theory of Constructivism which is originated by Bruner and
other theorists of learning. It states that people actively construct or create
their own subjective representations of objective reality. New information is
linked to prior knowledge, thus mental representations are subjective. This
only explains the very factor that I should consider in choosing the most
helpful and useful materials and media of learning.
B. Presenting Materials
Summary
Incorporating and modifying instructional
materials is an excellent way one should consider in the teaching process
considering the student’s developmental stages or age, needs, interests,
aptitudes, reading levels, prior knowledge, work habits, learning styles and
motivation. Yet, the very cores of consideration presenting the materials to
the students are the factors such as; understanding,
structuring, sequencing, balancing, explaining, pacing, elaborating and
transferring.
As an educator, one must know and
understand what to teach and how to teach. Remember that knowledge without
understanding results only to absurdity. You should know what instructional
materials to use and how it is utilized.
Structuring
materials involves organizing so it is clear and explicit for students to
understand. Involved in structuring is sequencing, where this is the stage of
continuous and cumulative learning, giving attention to prerequisite skills and
concepts that can be conveyed in the form of deductive, inductive or
chronological type of instruction.
Balancing comprises two relationships the
vertical relationship which construct concepts and experiences on the lesson,
unit and course levels and horizontal relationship that nurtures
multidisciplinary and unified views on different subjects.
In
explaining the content of the material it should be precise, related, and
cumulative in nature. Likewise, in pacing the materials how fast and how much
you present the materials affects students learning.
Even in elaboration of the lesson using the
materials transforms students’ information on the subject matter greatly. In
such way, according to Posner and Strike transferring can be in a form of
concept related, inquiry-related, learner-related, and utilization-related or
the combination of the four.
These factors are strongly considered among
educators in the making of their lesson plans and conducting the lesson proper
in class.
Reflection
In relation to this topic, I can remember
the phrase, “Present the very best”. If I am going to expound this phrase my
mind would wander many ideas that unwraps many points about the presentation of
materials. But, I will not make it long that you may get bored reading my
reflection.
Factors like student’s developmental
stages or age, needs, interests, aptitudes, reading levels, prior knowledge,
work habits, learning styles and motivation can be explained by the cognitive
development theory, schema theory and attribution theory.
Eby and Martin (2001), states that
children whose schemata are richly detailed and well organized into patterns
and hierarchies are much more likely to be able to retrieve useful information
on request than children whose schemata are vague and sparse. I should be
thankful then to my mother in my childhood days for spanking me when I forgot
how to read the words again and again. But the results were fruitful enough,
for this portfolio is already a proof. I have already grown by my experiences.
Thus, the effort of presentation of good
materials in teaching is vital not only for the student’s knowledge but for the
foundation of understanding towards better learning.
C. Textbooks
Summary
Textbooks are summarized large quantities
of data and in so doing may become general and superficial and may discourage conceptual
thinking, critical analysis, and evaluation. There are books that are quickly
outdated due to the raid change of events but because they are costly, they are
often used long after they should be replaced.
Criticisms on books had been their when
computers and other forms of technologies are invented and had been widely used
as the fastest source of information. Most teachers are right-answer oriented
in their teaching and testing. Hence, they are unwilling or unable to change
from textbooks that are characterized by low-level cognitive demands and are
divorced from how students think or reason.
But good textbooks have many desirable
characteristics they are well organized, coherent, unified, relatively
up-to-date, accurate, and relatively unbiased. Scrutinized by scholars and
educators, textbooks are reliable source of information contained with facts
not opinions. The textbook is an acceptable tool for instruction as long as it
is selected with care and is kept in proper perspective so that it is not
viewed as the only source of knowledge and it does not turn into the
curriculum.
Reflection
I would like to acknowledge that this
portfolio is partly done by the help of the loyal source—textbooks. Textbooks
are reliable as what it is to be said. They never tell lies but they reveal
facts not opinions. If I am going to go back in time when I started to read textbooks,
it had been a great help. It may be outdated but it takes a long run before it
is. If so, there are many other good textbooks that can be used for exchange.
In my elementary days, seeing textbooks
piled in my bag are a dilemma. I dislike to read books, which is until now had
been a major problem of most parents to most kids like me before. True, but my
elementary days had only ended for six years and I am thankful back then. But
this time it’s totally different. When I got into high school I become more
engaged on reading textbooks because I am forced to do so. I need to read and
read more information on various research papers categorized in different
subject areas.
My sprit on reading books is leveled up
when I become involved in many competitions like the research paper, science
quiz bee, oratorical contest, essay writing, editorial cartooning and so much
to utter. Reading for me had been a hobby and is even furnished now because I
am in college and it needs extensive research and reading not for the sake of
good grades but for a dream as a professional teacher who touches lives and
renders better service that I am willing to risk.
The Department of Education (DepEd)
strongly believed in the power of reading textbooks for it is not just merely a
material for sale but the contents it has is really useful and
informative. I never regret to have one
because as an upcoming teacher in the making, textbooks are my friends whom I
can depend in my teaching career.
To relate with the theory of Muij and
Reynolds (2005), children’s thoughts change qualitatively, thereby making
children of different ages possess different views of the world. Meaning, my
gradual changes of my interests and habits was due to many factors and reading
was one of the end results.
D. Workbook
Summary
Workbook is often used separately or
independently to provide exercises for practice and drill in language arts,
reading and math; this had been an accompaniment in using textbook, it tends to
dominate elementary school classrooms as the major instructional tool. In fact,
in one study of 45 teachers, grades one to six, students spent much time on
their workbooks than they did with other teacher-student activities.
The value of the workbook depends on how
teacher uses it. It is sometimes used as a form of “busywork” to keep students
occupied even worse as a substitute for teaching, which had been one of the
problems in the DepEd community.
But on the brighter side, the merit of the
workbook is that it performs the practice and drill function well and is
helpful with young students who need to learn a knowledge base and with
low-achieving students who need extra concrete activities to understand
abstract learning and repeated exercises to integrate new learning.
Reflections
Workbooks are great supplements or aids in
teaching for it checks the assessment of the students learning and
understanding base on the topic of the lesson. It serves as a vital role in
most elementary schools where children are more involved in using workbooks.
In how many years of my existence, the
usage of workbooks are really helpful for me because it strengthens my verbal
reasoning skills and as well as my critical thinking skills but it does not
turn around to most common skills like the cognitive and psychomotor skills but
it also add to the affective skills of the students, for workbooks helps to
reflect about the whole meat of the lesson or the subject matter.
Exercises, drills and essential questions
are given in workbooks. What did Eisner asserts, “The textbook and its partner,
the workbook, provide the curricular hub around which much of what is taught
revolves.” The accuracy and consistency of a textbook is vis-Ã -vis to the use
of workbooks.
Alas, I do believe that in order to
reinforce learning, one must know to solve exercises and problems for these are
concrete examples of abstract learning that workbooks can provide.
Taken as a whole, the perception I
have in using workbooks did not change still, the aids in solving the root meat
of problems in such particular topic or lesson. For me, workbooks are not
burdens they are the most challenging phase of textbooks and must be performed not
as tasks but as a fun segment of learning.
E.
Journals, Magazines and
Newspapers
Summary
Aside from reading textbooks and using
workbooks, teachers also recommend using and reading some journals, magazines
and newspapers. Journals came from the Latin word “diurnalis” meaning daily,
these are publications of professional and academic associations and as such
are more technical than magazines and newspapers. Many publications
issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, or scholarly
journals, academic journals, or the record of
the transactions of a society, are often called journals. Although journal is sometimes used as
a synonym for "magazine", in academic use, a journal refers to a
serious, scholarly publication that is peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly
magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of
professional activity is usually called a professional
magazine.
On the other hand, magazines as the word
speak means treasury or collection. Magazines are publications that are printed with ink on paper, and generally published
on a regular schedule and containing a variety of content. They are generally
financed by advertising, by a purchase
price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three. Journal and magazine articles have not been sanitized or
toned down as textbooks have. The content expresses a point of view, and it can
be used to enhance thinking and research skills.
Newspapers are also part of a journal and
it is stated that the word itself explains what it means. In theory it deals in
reporting, not analyzing or interpreting, data for it reveals the newest
issues, news and events happened in the country. Its content consists of
headlines, features, editorial, opinion and sports which mainly exist and read
by most consumers and readers.
Like books, these three mediums have also
its guidelines; mostly many teachers are compatible using textbooks and
workbooks because they are more relevant and accurate in sense for journals,
magazines and newspapers are more opinionated in concept.
Reflection
Preferring to news, issues and other
events, with regards to my research I usually take some time reading and using
some of the contents in an article of journals, magazines and newspapers in
support for my research studies. These three aforementioned mediums are really
comprehensive for research, portfolios and documentations but the problem is
most of the articles are opinionated in nature. That’s
why I am having a hard and long time proofreading and identifying facts from
opinions. Most of the time I try to engage facts from books and from other
sources like magazines.
During my free time, I like reading
magazines such as, Time Magazine, Educators, Bato Balani and other educational
resources offered by the school. Reading
magazines and newspapers was never been a waste of time for me, except for the
same reason that it really helps for it is truly informative and accessible by
most people, I like reading these mediums because it brings me from different
genres. It is written and published accordingly to people’s taste and hobbies
which I most appreciated because it covers different scopes of person’s
lifestyle and even the scope of knowledge it brings to readers. It really
refreshes the atmosphere of reading and as well as the motivation to read more.
Further, it gives emphasis about other
people’s opinion on matters that at times influences the way I critic and
balance things up. It’s at times a stop and thinking manner of reading. Alas,
the overall impact of journals, magazines and newspapers to me are great and
very inspiring in my sense. These mediums tells me something like Toni Morrison
said, “If there's a book you really want to read, but it hasn't been written
yet, then you must write it.” Someday, I can be proud of what I actually wanted
to write and I know that I can write well if I’ll just keep on trying and doing
things with faith. Speaking of faith in writing, what did my favorite poet
said, “Fill the paper with the breathings in your heart”, as affirmed by
William Wordsworth. The note to keep is so simple to remember and that is just,
I will write as long as I’m alive.
F. Simulations and Games
Summary
Classroom activities involve play which is
a pleasurable and natural for children and adolescents and simulations and
games. Simulations are abstractions of the real world, involving objects,
processes or situations. It has become increasingly popular among educators,
after much success in military, business, medical and public administrative
arenas. In short simulations are much more of imitation of educational purposes
in the class. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of
alternative conditions and courses of action. Simulation is also used when the
real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible, or it may be
dangerous or unacceptable to engage, or it is being designed but not yet built,
or it may simply not exist.
Games,
on the other hand is a structured playing,
usually undertaken for enjoyment and
sometimes used as an educational
tool. Games are distinct from work,
which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an
expression of aesthetic or ideological elements. However, the distinction is
not clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be work (such as
professional players of spectator sports/games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or
games involving an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or
some video
games). These are more informal and cover a wide range of
situations, while simulations reflect a real-life situation and are more
structured.
There also guidelines involved in
simulations and games one of it is to have an educational objective and the
purpose of using simulations and must be related to the content of the lesson
proper. Teachers must also find out how to construct supplementary materials
involving simulation and games.
Reflection
The freedom to move, this is what I liked
most. It’s because my cognitive and psychomotor skills are involved. My mind
and body are involved in simulations and games where my body is not only
accounted to think but also to move. I like games involving physical strength
and critical thinking.
Incorporating simulations and games in
education it develops critical thinking and values needed to become a good
teacher. In which, I will become a better problem solver. As what Dr. Anga
said, “S.U.G.” it means seriousness of the problem, urgency and gravity which
came from the Latin word gravida meaning
pregnant. This three will help in the process of how to solve a problem
immediately.
As what my an author, scientist,
mathematician and philosopher, Albert Einstein said, “We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we
created them”which is absolutely true, I can’t even deny the fact that
there are times I dug my own trap not knowing that sooner or later I could fall
apart. But in the same strangest way, life taught me how to stand up and face
my problems with strength, hope and faith.
G. Instructional Technology
Summary
Technology has always been everywhere. Nowdays
seem to be running so fast that people could no longer catch time up. But the
technology used in instruction was never left alone and was never disregarded
as old and new for the significance of using instruction starts on how it is
used and how useful as the time passes by.
One of the oldest instruction or what we
call the oldest visual aid in the history of teaching is the chalkboard. The
most famous of all things in school, because of its flexibility and
familiarity, the chalkboard is sometimes overused. Many secondary school
teachers rely much to the exclusion of other audiovisual aids. On the contrary,
display boards are used for displaying current items of interest related to a
lesson or unit, posting announcements, memos, and routine assignments and
decorating the room. Legibly, it should be large enough to see and one’s
handwriting must be clear and concise.
There are always changes in years to come
and according to one educator film is the most influential and seductive
educational medium for transmitting ideas and persuading an audience to a point
of view. Together with the film are the filmstrips and the film slides where
both are good educational assets for teaching. Filmstrips are series of
pictures in a fixed sequence for still projection and film slides are
individual pieces of film or projection, mounted on thin cardboard or plastic
frames.
Like everything else, these instructional
aids must listed up to date and if desired to be used be sure to order well in
advance of the screening date. Everything must be orderly arranged before use
so that the student’s attention will never be interrupted, focus and interest
will not obliterate. Thus, the discussion and learning will be worthwhile,
continuous and exceptional.
Reflection
In my 19 years of existence, the 15 years
of it I spend it most in school, together with chalkboards, classmates,
teachers, papers, notebooks, pens and pencils. I grew up where I was
educationally and academically oriented and my mother was my teacher. Who could
actually think that in the continuation of my life, I would pursue to become a
teacher? Funny it seems, another more years to come I would spend my lifetime
experience in the school, specifically in the classroom.
I remember when I was 5 years old, I used
to vandal crayons on our white painted walls before, which gave my mother an
idea to buy me a set of chalkboard, chalk and eraser. There, I started to feel
like I am a teacher. I usually mimic my mother, because when I was at the age
of five I am often present around her work when she conducts a seminar for
couples getting married, I am on the back sitting impatiently. I don’t like
having someone to take care of me like a nanny I want to go where my mother
goes and so I did. I was exposed early to films, filmstrips and film slides for
my mother use those technologies every time she lectures.
Regarding to instructional technologies
mentioned in the summary, time really swifts so fast, but those things which I
am used to don’t change at all it’s still printed in me. Chalkboards and
display boards for some might be boring and films, films strips and film slides
might be cool enough. But it doesn’t matter at all if it is boring or cool the
thing is it helps greatly in the educative process and allows teacher and
student relationship.
What did Mr. Bill Gates quoted, “Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the
kids working together and motivating them, the teacher is most important.”
Truly it is, technologies might be essential and effective but no one can ever
replace a good teacher in class and I always bear that in mind. No matter how
good my presentation is if my heart is not to teach I’m far no better.
H. Overhead Projector
Summary
Overhead projector projects images of
transparencies on a screen, wall, or chalkboard. Light from the lamp located in
the projector produces an image that is reflected unto a viewing surface in
back of the operator. This machine is lightweight and portable.
The transparency is placed on the glass on
top of the projector. The transparencies can be prepared before the class or
they can be made during discussion and also changed as necessary to elaborate
on a point.
There are guidelines or using overhead
projector. Keep the materials up to date. If you don’t know how to use overhead
projector, arrange someone who knows how to operate.
Prepare all the materials and handle the
transparencies with care. Be sure the materials are appropriate for the
students and all of them can see the surface on which the material is
projected, arrange the materials in sequence explain and discuss each and after
that, shut off the machine when it is not used.
New
overhead projector has an extra feature or attachment to add motion and speed
to special transparencies so that various moving elements can be shown.
Reflection
Mostly, resource speakers are fun of using
overhead projectors for it is really accessible and affordable to use. Overhead
projector is useful in teaching because it helps the teacher manage his or her
class carefully. I can say that overhead projector is good because the teacher
can always face the class while discussing, not like other teachers do. Most of
the students nowadays, need more attention that is why teachers should face the
class while discussing.
As guided in this course, I can be able to follow the appropriate usage of the overhead
projector. It is very essential to my teaching career for I could make revisions
in my class for them not to get bored. Using this kind of instruction I would
love to organize my discussions in the overhead projector to make some new
sense in the spirit of using instructional materials. I, as a future teacher
overhead projectors are awesome to use it is the core functional materials of
old version on modern technology, it could be the oldest way but the efficient
and safest feature.
The overhead projector has advantage and
disadvantage and I do believe in that, maybe because there are times that
overhead projector maybe damage. Using it may not consume many time since the
teacher don’t have to write anything on the board. Although it has its weaknesses
still this kind of technology is made for a purposeful reason and I believe that
with this instruction the essence of teaching is not covered only on
chalkboards and visual aids. After all we want something new to the eyes.
I. Television
Summary
Typically, students of today are more
engage on watching television than reading textbooks. They are audio-visually
entertained on the shows and features in the television. Television has become
famous to be named as TV; it has become a second school system for children.
There are two types of television programming that schools employ: the
educational television which refers to programs produced for broadcast on
commercial or public television’s stations and the instructional television
which refers to programs produced by schools to teach specific skills and
subject matter and for viewing in school.
Schools and district committees select
programs to coincide with the learners’ level of interest and maturity and with
instructional objectives. They prefer to make sure the classroom or media
center is suitable for viewing the program. Television has the potential for
adding to student’s knowledge. Students can learn many things about current
events and scientific advances.
Reflection
In my point of view, television is really
influential among the people in the society. Everyone is so updated on the
latest news in the television. Because of televisions great impact to children
and youth are emphasized and I am one of those youths who are greatly affected
to the influence of televisions especially political news. I am fond in
watching television every afternoon. Watching news in TV patrol, I am updated
to the current events in our society.
Yet, on the other hand, as a future teacher I
must consider the needs, interest, age and subject matter to be taught to my
students, using television it will aid the students to the flow of the lesson
giving them the right antidote of learning. In my childhood, I am fun in
watching TV at home and at times scolded because I am addicted much in it that
is why chores at home are always pending.
Life in college as goes by had been in
control, watching television is refrained and I had been busy in my studies.
But I never miss important news on the television. Through television my views
in life had partly changed and I am inspired to do great things in life.
Television for me is not merely about entertainment it is about engagement on
education and inspiration to everyone.
J. Computers
Summary
Computer technology for schools purposes
has been available since the 1950”s, but it is in the last few years that
computers have begun to have a major impact on classrooms and schools. Teachers
are waking up to the fact that computers are here to stay and can be effective
tools for instruction.
Decker Walker maintains that few people
really know how to use computers well for educational purposes. In the midst of
an information explosion the generation and availability of an ever- increasing
quantity of information through the use of the computer, people can participate
in the explosion at three or four levels of computer knowledge (1) computer
literacy, (2) computer competency, (3) computer expertise, (4) computer hacker.
Programming is an active mental endeavor, and
it fosters critical thinking, rational thinking, and problem solving skills. On
the other hand, there is also research that suggests that there is no
“convincing relationship between learning to program and learning to think”. Some
studies suggest that computer programming “promises more than it has delivered”
and hat there are “no influential benefits” or measurable thinking skills
produced by teaching how to program. Probably, the most frequent criticism of
software is the predominance of drill and tutorial programs. This is changing
now, as more simulations and interactive systems are being introduced.
Likewise, every instructional tool has its
guidelines of usage so be sure that the use of the computer in the classroom
should correspond to the school’s goals, the software should be capable of
being integrated with other software and lastly, you should be capable of
manipulating or using it. In selecting, evaluating and purchasing software,
teachers need to consider in general how well the program sustains student
interest and most important how well students receive and process information.
Reflection
Computers nowadays are widely used and it
is very essential to have one in the office work and in the house. As a person
who don’t have a computer device its such a hard thing to accomplish documented
works or files and even portfolios added to the problem that I don’t know how
actually it works. I know it’s kind of lame for this modern world, if I can’t
actually manipulate it.
But with the help of friends and
colleagues I can manipulate the computer with its main functions to encode,
make power points and print documents with the assistance of close friends. I
am very blessed to have such friends who can help me in times of need.
Learning to use computer is a tough game,
but even so it is. The mere fact of learning was worth it. At least I can call
myself now a computer literate. According
to Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky (1977), pointed out that constructivism
maintained that humans learn by activity, constructing from their
simultaneously embedded experiences. Like,
learning to manipulate computer I need first to experience how it is used
before I can become an expert using it. No one is born to talk immediately
everything must go to process.
Therefore, in order to learn and
manipulate media like the computer in the first place I should learn it by
doing and it takes time and effort in accomplishing it but that’s how learning
is right? You go on to different obstacles but in the end it’s all worth it.
K. Telecommunications
Summary
Telecommunication refers to information
exchange between two or more locations connected by electronic media, including
television, radio and telephone. Teleconferencing is just appearing in a few
school systems, as an experiment, n the secondary level.
Teletext on the other hand, is one-way
system in which information is sent to receivers through television broadcast.
Telewriting operates through telephone lines. The telewriting device is sometimes called
an electronic chalkboard. Telepicturesphone is an offshoot of the telewriting
system. It allows a person to send images from one monitor to another over the
telephone lines.
Reflection
Nowadays, it is possible for people in
different locations, even across state and national boundaries to communicate
and interact with each other. It is because of the modern technology like cell
phones, telephones, radio or even computers and I am also one of the users of
telecommunication media. I can’t live without my cell phone and that’s the
truth about it. The great influence of telecommunication to me is enormous I
feel like day by day I am living with it.
Yes, it is a great help and very useful to
me who is distant to loved ones and only through this media I can connect and
share my life. I am amazed on how technology makes impossible things so
possible. Life of the world today is really different and that is why I need to
keep up to this modern world.
As what Albert Einstein said, “All our
technological progress, our very civilization, is like the axe in the hand of
the pathological criminal.” That is why we should be more cautious of using
these technologies for they are either a boon or a bane. My cell phone for
example can be a bane meaning a curse if I will use it in class while my
teacher is discussing in front but it is a boon, a blessing if there are urgent
matters to be discussed and I have it with me. I can tell it depends upon how
to use it.
L. Video Systems
Summary
Video technology has made available
another valuable tool fro instruction. There are several different video
systems that make it possible fro various audio visual experiences to be
produced, stored and retrieved as needed.
There are different kinds of video
systems; we have the video tapes, video cassettes, video disks, video printer
and video games. Video tapes are magnetic tape used to record a television
program or part of a program or to record a film which viewer can rent or
purchase. It has many applications fro instruction and they can demonstrate,
explain record and replay data.
Video discs on the other hand, are discs
for recording both image and sound to be placed through a television set. It is
usually made of metal; contain digitalized information that is read by laser
beam. Video printer attaches to the television and produces a post-card size
color print of almost anything you can see on the screen almost instantly.
Video games it is a game that is interactive, micro computer is programmed to
respond to a player’s move with a move of its own.
There are guidelines for using video
systems, it must be compatible and leads to attainment of course objectives and
find out what supporting equipment and materials are needed and available. The
video must be suitable for the instructional grouping pattern you plan to use.
A teacher must monitor student’s responses for diagnosis and evaluation.
Reflection
I am used on watching movies and other
inspirational videos they are truly essential and inspiring. Video technology
is not just about entertainment I like it because it’s more on audio and visual
and this make sit even more essential in my point of view. I remember what
Edgar Dale said, “From the rich experiences that our senses bring, we construct
the ideas, the concepts, the generalizations that give meaning and order to our
lives.” In relation to video technologies, I also recommend using this kind of
instructional tool for it is not just all about engaging of my self on the
modern era but I think that it would be more comprehensive if we use new
instructional tools which are new to the eyes and makes our work more
efficient. It might be spoiled if usually used yet I think the use of these
materials are not a bother at all if this will influence more then this
instruction must be used in the class .
Greater chances using this kind of system
I will not become ignorant on using it after all I am a teacher and I must be
ready to adapt on changes for this is the character of a teacher. In different
aspect I must be more technologically literate.
CHAPTER TESTS
A. Selecting Instructional Materials
1.
What
is the first thing to do when selecting materials?
First thing to do is you may know what the
learners that you may handle, knows their skills, interest, capabilities,
abilities, and capacity before you select any instructional materials for the
learners in order to be able to understand easily the topic.
2.
What
is the biggest impact to the student on selecting instructional materials?
The biggest impact to the student on
selecting instructional materials is to enhance their audio-visual capabilities
in terms also acquiring knowledge. They can get more knowledge if the teacher
give the appropriate materials for their students and use it properly. Because
on these materials that the teacher use can be have impact to the learning of
the students.
3.
Is
it importance to select appropriate instructional materials for the students?
Yes, it is very important because when you
select any materials for your students it has a big impact to them especially
in acquisition of learning and selecting any materials is the biggest
responsibilities among teachers, school or even in the community because you
can influence them by giving any materials.
B. Presenting Instructional Materials
1.
In
presenting materials, why do we need to consider the student’s developmental
stages or age?
In presenting materials we need to
consider the student’s developmental stages or age in order for us to know
their ability to think and on how they will respond to the instructional
materials.
2.
Why
does teacher should arrange the instructional materials?
Teachers should arrange the
instructional materials to provide continuous, cumulative learning, to give
attention, prerequisite skills and concept.
3.
In
presenting materials, when we say that the students understand to the teacher
discussion?
If the students can explain well, could
elaborate the topic, could solve problem and also give an examples in that
particular topic.
C. Textbooks
1.
What
probably happen if the teacher will always depend on the textbook?
The probable thing that can happen if the
teacher will depending always on the textbook the acquisition of learning of
the learner it not be more than wider and the transfer of learning by the
teacher was so poor.
2. Textbook are useful in terms in acquisition of learning?
Yes, it is important because I get some
information that I want but I don’t forget the other supplementary materials so
that my knowledge will be wider and also my information.
D. Workbooks
1.
What
are the teaching implications of using workbook?
The teaching implications of using
workbook it purposes the practice and drill functions, used as instructional
context, emphasize extra concrete activities and integrate new learning through
repeated exercises.
2. Why workbook does is often used separately or
independently?
Workbook is often used separately or
independently to provide exercises for practice and drill.
3. Why workbooks do useful for the development of the
students learning?
Workbook is useful for the development of
the student’s learning because it enhances their abstract thinking by answering
the question.
E. Journals, Magazines & Newspapers
1.
Do
journals, magazines and newspapers good source of information?
My answer to that question would be yes
and no. First things first it’s a yes because these media are truly up-to-date
and is the fastest wings to serve of news and events plus it caters different
genres that makes it even more appealing to most readers. It’s a no also
because these sources of information are not always reliable compared to
textbooks most of the information are opinionated in nature which makes it so
unpredictable that I need extensive research and reading of facts not opinions
to support my studies and researches.
2.
Why
does journals, magazines and newspapers are mostly opinionated?
For that question, it is at
times opinionated due to three factors that usually I have observed. First, the
author wants to express his own opinion, second authors wanted their works to
be more original and lastly they want to get the attention of most readers so
that their work would be sold.
3. Do you read journals, magazines and
newspapers? How often?
I read journals, magazines and newspapers
every time I go to the library or after I finish my works on various subjects.
I always take some time to read these materials so that I would not be a moron
hearing some news and I wanted also to be informative as sense that I am going
to be a teacher in the making so it is my duty to be always up-to-date and to
be an informant.
F. Simulations and Games
I-
Match
the words in column A with the sentences in column B.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
__C__1.
Play
a. activities with goals, rules and rewards
__B__2.
Simulations b.
abstractions of the real-world involving
objects,
processes or situations
__A__3. Games c.
pleasurable and natural for children and
adolescents.
__D__4. Court
justice d. an
excellent way for students to learn
about the nature of
government and how the branches of government work.
II-
Answer
with true or false.
_True_5. Simulation
is an excellent motivating device.
_Ture_6.
Games could be used as instructional tools in the Elementary grade levels.
_False_7.
Simulations are more informal and cover a wide range of situations.
_True_8.
Any game may contribute to learning.
_True_9.
Lesson is best learned when it connects to real-life situations.
G. Instructional Technology
1. Do you think instructional technologies
are boon or bane?
I guess, instructional
technology can be a boon or a bane for it depends on how you use these things.
Technologies do not merely destroy but it is the person who is using it who
destroys. The point is just so simple it is a blessing for man has its
accompaniments in working for a common goal but because man is so dependent of
his creation, not knowing he is slowly destroyed, the technology becomes a
curse.
2. Does chalkboard an instructional
technology?
Anything that is beneficial to man and
useful is called to be a technology, therefore chalkboard are also part of the
instructional technology. It is the oldest form of technology in teaching but
it is the very reliable and the father of all fathers when resides in the
classroom no one can ever beat its service thus its benefit to teachers even
now.
3.
Do
display boards still exist even today?
Of course, display boards still exist even
if we are in the high-tech generation. Display boards are everywhere actually
even in schools, offices, classrooms, canteen, library and other places where
different information are being revealed to the public it is not just a green
blank board there is a message in it that must be read and most of the people
be aware of.
H. Overhead Projector
1.
What
is the importance of overhead projector?
It is very important for lecturers and
teachers in knowing how to use the projectors effectively, so as to exploit its
potential to the maximum level. For instance a lecturer can use it in just the
same way that he or she would use a chalkboard. Thus, overhead projectors are
really important in aspect you wish to make use of it, might be in seminars,
class discussion and even on output presentations.
2.
What
will happen if the teacher continues to use overhead projector everyday?
If the teacher will continue using
overhead projector, I think the class will become boring, absurd and the
interests of the children will lessen, the teacher will become dependent on it
and the teacher will not be able to develop his/her creative talent in making
visual aids.
I. Television
1.
Do
watching televisions have a significance?
Actually, it depends upon what does a
person watching. If it is educational then it is better, but if it is something
which is rated SPG then parents should be more aware and delicate about those
matters for according to many studies what the child watches affects greatly to
their day to day activities at school and especially at home. So like anything
else, watching televisions has its significance and disadvantages.
2.
What
do you usually watch on television?
I usually watch, Korean
novellas and prime time shows in channel 4 because I want to have myself a
break even just for a while after the long hours of study works I pay myself a
tribute and that is watching those shows which I liked most. But, I also watch
educational TV shows like knowledge channel and the documentaries about
terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains of the world. It’s so exciting in this
way my major as a biological science student will never be outdated.
3. What is on television that it makes it
so influential?
Asking the same question to my self only
two things goes in mind. Its uniqueness and capacity to attract the attention
to most viewers, it’s due to the colored screen and audio sound. It’s the
combination of audio and visual representation. That is why it is widely being
used to most schools, colleges and universities.
J. Computers
1.
Do
computers today are very useful?
Yes! Computers are so useful
that I can’t even finish this portfolio without the aid of the computer.
Encoding, researching, surfing and browsing are all part in using the computer
that is why it is so essential to my studies and in the making of this portfolio
possible.
2.
How
does computer affect you to be come good?
Computers affect greatly in
me for I had become literate in using it. My works are easier to get done than
usual. I can save my time for other works and I have gained so many leanings in
using it.
K. Telecommunications
1.
What
if there is no technology such as cell phones, telephone or radio in the world?
It will be very hard for us to communicate
to our family who are working in abroad or in other places that are far away to
us. It will be very difficult for us and for them to get information about
anything because nowadays, cell phones are one of the technologies that we used
to get some information.
2.
What
is the importance of teleconference?
The participants can attend to the
important conversations on telephone even if they are sitting in their own
office or home. It can save time because people don’t have to travel because
they can only call and see each other by just teleconferencing.
L. Video Systems
1.
It
is really important of using video technology in education?
Yes, it really important of using video
technology in education because it helps a lot to the student and to the
teachers. Instead of say it much better to see it, we all know that some
students are visual learner.
2.
What
are the effects of using too much video technology in our health?
The effect of using too much video
technology in our health it can cause eye defect, brain damage and so on,
because of radiation came from the light of the screen and from the sounds.
3.
As a
teacher, how can you prevent of using too much technology that is not suitable
to the students?
The teacher does to prevent of using too
much technology in the school. She/he will guide the students in terms in using
technology and monitor what technology they will use.
REFERENCES
Ornstein,
Allan, C. (1992). Strategies for effective teaching. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers, Inc.
Retrieved on May 4, 2013
Agno,
Lydia, N. (2010). Principles of teaching (a modular approach). Quezon City:
C & E Publishing, Inc.
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